Wednesday, March 25, 2009

MVC1 vs MVC2

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转自: http://www.blogjava.net/sitinspring/archive/2007/11/05/158343.html

一般来说,可以把系统粗略的分为三个层次,视图层,简称为View,它负责数据的输出和输入;业务层,简称为Model,它代表程序的实际业务;控制层,简称为Controller,处理界面的相应并调用业务层进行处理,有时把View和Controller两层合称为UI层。

在程序发展的历史上,MVC模式进过了多次演化,MVC1和MVC2是两种比较典型的模式,它们的区别主要在于View和Model的联系方式上。

(1) MVC1模式

这种模式主要用于桌面程序,使用观察者模式实现,具体来说就是让View充当观察者来观察Model的变化,而用户交互控制的地方用匿名类的方式统一放在controller中.

View接受用户输入,并将交互数据传递到Controller.

Controller统一进行处理命令,交由Model处理具体的业务.

进过处理Model更新后,通知View进行更新.

这种模式在旧的桌面应用程序使用较多,但是它的Model必须继承Observable类,View必须实现Observer接口,人为加大了继承体系的复杂度;而且Model通知View的方式使View必须了解Model的结构,无谓的加大了两个类的耦合程度。这些缺点使这种模式逐渐淡出了程序舞台。







代码如下:
Control类:


package com.sitinspring;

import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

/** *//**
* 控制类
*
* @author sitinspring(junglesong@gmail.com)
*
* @date 2007-11-5
*/
public class Mvc1Ctrl {
private Mvc1View view;

private Mvc1Model model;

public Mvc1Ctrl() {
view = new Mvc1View();
model = new Mvc1Model();
model.addObserver(view);
handleEvents();
}

// 处理事件响应
private void handleEvents() {
addCloseLintener();
addButtonListener();
addButtonListener2();
}

// 窗体关闭事件相应
private void addCloseLintener() {
view.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("Exit MVC1");
System.exit(0);
}
});
}

private void addButtonListener() {
view.getButton().addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
model.showText();
}
});
}

private void addButtonListener2() {
view.getButton2().addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
model.showText2();
}
});
}
}



视图类(View):


package com.sitinspring;

import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;

/** *//**
* 视图类(View)
*
* @author sitinspring(junglesong@gmail.com)
*
* @date 2007-11-5
*/
public class Mvc1View extends JFrame implements Observer {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 621145935910133202L;

private JButton button;

private JLabel label;

private JButton button2;

private JLabel label2;

public Mvc1View() {
locateView(300, 200);
this.setTitle("MVC1 Program");
setupComponents();
this.setVisible(true);
}

// 当模块更新时,此函数会被调用
public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
Mvc1Model model = (Mvc1Model) o;

if (model.getUpdateState().equals(Mvc1UpdateState.UpdateLabel)) {
label.setText(model.getResponseText());
} else if (model.getUpdateState().equals(Mvc1UpdateState.UpdateLabel2)) {
label2.setText(model.getResponseText());
}
}

// 定位程序在屏幕正中并设置程序大小
private void locateView(int width, int height) {
Dimension screenSize = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
this.setSize(width, height);
this.setLocation(screenSize.width / 2 - width / 2, screenSize.height
/ 2 - height / 2);
}

// 初始化内部组件
private void setupComponents() {
button = new JButton("点击响应事件1");
label = new JLabel(" 等待事件响应1");

button2 = new JButton("点击响应事件2");
label2 = new JLabel(" 等待事件响应2");

setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 2));
add(button);
add(label);

add(button2);
add(label2);
}

public JButton getButton() {
return button;
}

public JButton getButton2() {
return button2;
}
}



模块类:


package com.sitinspring;

import java.util.Observable;

/** *//**
* 模块类
* @author sitinspring(junglesong@gmail.com)
*
* @date 2007-11-5
*/
public class Mvc1Model extends Observable{
private String responseText;
private String updateState;

// 用于通知View更新,此函数被调用后View的update函数会被调用
private void notifyView(){
setChanged();
notifyObservers();
}

public void showText(){
updateState=Mvc1UpdateState.UpdateLabel;
responseText=" 事件1响应完毕";
notifyView();
}

public void showText2(){
updateState=Mvc1UpdateState.UpdateLabel2;
responseText=" 事件2响应完毕";
notifyView();
}

public String getResponseText() {
return responseText;
}

public String getUpdateState() {
return updateState;
}
}



更新状态辅助类:


package com.sitinspring;

public class Mvc1UpdateState{
public static final String UpdateLabel="updateLabel";
public static final String UpdateLabel2="updateLabel2";
}



(2)MVC2模式

这种模式首见于网络程序,起初因为Model无法通知到Web程序的界面而发明,这种模式采用Controller做中介者,一方面取得View的输入,然后交由Model层处理,之后再把返回的数据传递到View。

View接受用户输入,并传递到Controller.

Controller统一进行处理命令,交由Model处理具体的业务.

进过处理Model更新后,Controller会选一个View并把Model内容传递(request,session)给它(forward).

然后View进行显示.

这种模式相对MVC优势很明显,首先Model和View无需继承甚么东西,其次Model和View无需了解对方的存在,只需准备相应的接口而已;缺点是Controller层变得相对复杂了。








代码如下:
控制类:


package com.sitinspring;

import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

/** *//**
* 控制类
*
* @author sitinspring(junglesong@gmail.com)
*
* @date 2007-11-5
*/
public class Mvc2Ctrl {
private Mvc2View view;

private Mvc2Model model;

public Mvc2Ctrl() {
view = new Mvc2View();
model = new Mvc2Model();
handleEvents();
}

// 处理事件响应
private void handleEvents() {
addCloseLintener();
addButtonListener();
addButtonListener2();
}

// 窗体关闭事件相应
private void addCloseLintener() {
view.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("Exit MVC2");
System.exit(0);
}
});
}

private void addButtonListener() {
view.getButton().addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
view.getLabel().setText(model.getText());
}
});
}

private void addButtonListener2() {
view.getButton2().addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
view.getLabel2().setText(model.getText2());
}
});
}
}



视图类:


package com.sitinspring;

import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.Toolkit;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;

/** *//**
* 视图类(View)
*
* @author sitinspring(junglesong@gmail.com)
*
* @date 2007-11-5
*/
public class Mvc2View extends JFrame {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 621145935910133202L;

private JButton button;

private JLabel label;

private JButton button2;

private JLabel label2;

public Mvc2View() {
locateView(300, 200);
this.setTitle("MVC2 Program");
setupComponents();
this.setVisible(true);
}

// 定位程序在屏幕正中并设置程序大小
private void locateView(int width, int height) {
Dimension screenSize = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
this.setSize(width, height);
this.setLocation(screenSize.width / 2 - width / 2, screenSize.height
/ 2 - height / 2);
}

// 初始化内部组件
private void setupComponents() {
button = new JButton("点击响应事件1");
label = new JLabel(" 等待事件响应1");

button2 = new JButton("点击响应事件2");
label2 = new JLabel(" 等待事件响应2");

setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 2));
add(button);
add(label);

add(button2);
add(label2);
}

public JButton getButton() {
return button;
}

public JButton getButton2() {
return button2;
}

public JLabel getLabel() {
return label;
}

public JLabel getLabel2() {
return label2;
}
}



模块类:


package com.sitinspring;

/** *//**
* 模块类
* @author sitinspring(junglesong@gmail.com)
*
* @date 2007-11-5
*/
public class Mvc2Model{
public String getText(){
return " 事件1响应完毕";
}

public String getText2(){
return " 事件2响应完毕";
}
}

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